Human Sciences Research Council’s Labour Market Intelligence Partnership Study and Lessons for the Maritime Sector – A Labour Market Theoretical Perspective

by | Apr 17, 2022 | SAJMET, SAJMET V1

Human Sciences Research Council’s Labour Market Intelligence Partnership Study and Lessons for the Maritime Sector – A Labour Market Theoretical Perspective

Author Mokong S Mapadimeng

ISSN: 2790-783X
Affiliations: Extraordinary Associate Professor, Northwest University
Source: South African Journal of Maritime Education and Training, Volume 1 Issue 1, p. 9-20
https://doi.org/10.47348/SAJMET/2022/i1a2

Abstract

To best understand the changing nature of labour markets and how they function,  it is necessary to base our analysis on both the empirical evidence and appropriate  theoretical frameworks. This is particularly so as theory is about real-life situations  and enhances our understanding of how the world around us works and changes.  Theory also guides inquiry into social questions for a better understanding of  how they can be resolved. With this in mind, this paper examines the findings  of the Human Sciences Research Council’s (HSRC) Labour Market Intelligence  Partnership (LMIP) studies, and specifically the 2016 report on Skills Supply and  Demand in South Africa. This it does through the deployment of the contemporary  labour market theories. In doing so, lessons for the maritime sector, which is  presently seeking to implement its skills planning and employment creation plans,  are discussed. The paper finds that while the LMIP lays foundation for future  skills planning, its analysis is, however, not explicitly and adequately anchored into  contemporary labour market theories. This is a major shortcoming as these theories  alert us to issues that LMIP is not adequately giving attention to, i.e., the socially  structured and segmented nature of the labour markets under the competitive  pressures of globalisation and technological changes. 

A Proposed Education-Industry Partnership for Skills Development in the Marine Manufacturing Sector

by | Apr 17, 2022 | SAJMET, SAJMET V1

A Proposed Education-Industry Partnership for Skills Development in the Marine Manufacturing Sector

Author Vanessa Davidson

ISSN: 2790-783X
Affiliations: Former Executive Manager, South African Boat Builders Export Council (SABBEX)
Source: South African Journal of Maritime Education and Training, Volume 1 Issue 1, p. 21-28
https://doi.org/10.47348/SAJMET/2022/i1a3

Abstract

The marine manufacturing sector is a diverse and multi-faceted industry with  a wide range of different skills sets that often overlap with other sectors. A few  specialist qualifications have been developed but a disjuncture exists between  industry and education who have difficulty in finding a common language to  talk about skills partnerships.  Four studies between 2016 and 2018 focused on marine manufacturing and skills  provision are reviewed and their key findings elucidated. The paper forefronts  different conceptual frameworks underpinning skills planning, it questions who is  responsible for the development of qualifications and curricula and lastly raises the  divergent views of industry and education with respect to skills responsiveness and  changing production contexts and innovations.  The paper concludes there is a need to narrow the gap between training provision  and industrial work contexts. It is proposed that this could be achieved through  strong leadership and well-resourced training provision that is responsive and  flexible. The need for a mutual understanding needs to underpin any interventions  such as group training models and relevant partnerships between industry  associations and training providers. 

Applying Systems Thinking Approach to Enterprise Development

by | Apr 16, 2022 | SAJMET, SAJMET V1

Applying Systems Thinking Approach to Enterprise Development

Authors Vincent Bukelani Zulu and Malibongwe Ndlozi

ISSN: 2790-783X
Affiliations: Maritime Manager at Moses Kotane Institute; Maritime Researcher at Moses Kotane Institute
Source: South African Journal of Maritime Education and Training, Volume 1 Issue 1, p. 29-40
https://doi.org/10.47348/SAJMET/2022/i1a4

Abstract

In an increasingly complex, turbulent and rapidly changing environment, enterprise  development actors have their hands full in designing and delivering effective  enterprise development programmes. While enterprise development is a complex  system, it also interacts with the education system and labour market systems,  among other systems, thereby increasing the number of actors/agents within these  systems, their interrelationships and their connectedness. To address this increased  complexity, this paper argues for a systems thinking approach to enterprise  development. The authors will discuss systems thinking concepts, the structure of  enterprise development and their related systems. Three causal loop diagrams and  systems thinking archetypes are used to discuss enterprise development. 

What Skills and Capacity Building Interventions are Required to Grow the South African Aquaculture Sector?

by | Apr 16, 2022 | SAJMET, SAJMET V1

What Skills and Capacity Building Interventions are Required to Grow the South African Aquaculture Sector?

Authors Keagan Halley and Andrea Bernatzeder

ISSN: 2790-783X
Affiliations: Aquaculture advisor Operation Phakisa Aquaculture Delivery Unit, DFFE; Director Aquaculture Research, DFFE
Source: South African Journal of Maritime Education and Training, Volume 1 Issue 1, p. 41-52
https://doi.org/10.47348/SAJMET/2022/i1a5

Abstract

Aquaculture is a knowledge- and technology-driven sector that requires a diversity  of skills. Such skills are often demonstrated by professionals, including those of  veterinarians, biologists, oceanographers, chemists, economists, managers, engineers,  artisans, environmentalists and researchers. Since the sector is still fairly small in  South Africa, a limited number of institutions provide aquaculture training and their  primary focus is on tertiary education. Extension support is also limited in terms of  state extension officers, veterinarians and researchers (government does not have  the capacity to service the entire sector) and there is little awareness of aquaculture  farming as a career and education option.  In 2017, a thorough skills inventory and needs analysis of the sector was conducted,  led by the South African International Maritime Institute (SAIMI) and the current  Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (DFFE).1 These research  efforts were aimed at identifying the shortfalls and future needs in terms of skills and  education and training, as well as determining the current age representation and  race participation in the industry. Data collection was conducted using interviews  and focus groups.  The study identified scarce skills and existing gaps, such as supervisory and  management skills for middle and senior managers in the sector. Increased  awareness of learnerships and funding opportunities through the Sector Education  Training Authority (SETA) was flagged. 

Skills Development and Capacity Building within the Oceans Economy

by | Apr 16, 2022 | SAJMET, SAJMET V1

Skills Development and Capacity Building within the Oceans Economy

Author Nwabisa Matoti

ISSN: 2790-783X
Affiliations: South African International Maritime Institute (SAIMI)
Source: South African Journal of Maritime Education and Training, Volume 1 Issue 1, p. 53-62
https://doi.org/10.47348/SAJMET/2022/i1a6

Abstract

Skills development has been identified as one of the key contributors to the growth of  the oceans economy. Capacity building in terms of ensuring that there are adequate  resources, that is, human, physical and financial resources, to enhance the delivery  of skills development initiatives is critical. The skills shortage challenge in South  Africa mirrors global conditions, characterised by a mismatch between the supply  and market demand for skills. South Africa’s National Development Plan (NDP)  emphasises the need for skills development in order to enhance the economic growth  that could be brought about by an expanded skills base through better education and  vocational training. The maritime sector workforce needs to be adequately skilled  and be able to adapt to diverse environments and technological advancements.  Inroads have been made into a bid to improve skills in the maritime sector through  a number of initiatives that have been launched. This article will explore these  initiatives as well as challenges that still need to be addressed within the skills  development and capacity building focus area. 

South African Maritime Skills Supply and Demand

by | Apr 16, 2022 | SAJMET, SAJMET V1

South African Maritime Skills Supply and Demand

Author Derek Zimmerman

ISSN: 2790-783X
Affiliations: Rand International Capital, Gqeberha, South Africa.
Source: South African Journal of Maritime Education and Training, Volume 1 Issue 1, p. 63-70
https://doi.org/10.47348/SAJMET/2022/i1a7

Abstract

The South African International Maritime Institute (SAIMI) is engaged in  answering the questions that centre around whether the country’s maritime skills  supply matches the industry’s demand. The SAIMI commissioned a study1 to  evaluate the maritime skills situation in South Africa, culminating in a final report  in 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the overall demand for maritime  and ocean economy skills in order to grow the sector, and to determine whether there  is adequate capacity within the skill supply framework to meet this demand. This  exercise required an assessment of the anticipated demand and the current supply of  skills capacity in South Africa, with any surplus or deficit being clearly highlighted.  The author investigated a number of credible studies and international best practice  examples within a framework supported by the latest skills data about the supply  and demand dynamics in the maritime economy arena. It was found that South  Africa is producing graduates with maritime-related qualifications in sufficient  numbers, but not with the relevant types of skills required by the industry, which are  mainly technical and professional maritime skills. A shift in emphasis is required  to prioritise scarce, critical and future-proof skills for the growth of the maritime  economy, with a particular emphasis on the maritime skills that will be needed in the  context of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR).  This work was presented to a representative platform of stakeholders in industry,  academia and government at the SAIMI Forward Thinking Conference for  Maritime Education and Training Excellence2 to review current maritime skills  capacity against future demand and to consider collaborative and collective ways to close the skills gap. The outcome of the conference confirmed this report’s findings  and recommendations to address these shortcomings.  A focussed and driven programme is required within the South African maritime  environment to align and accelerate all maritime education, research and skills  enhancement to the market needs of the maritime sector, with the private sector  directly involved throughout. 

Forward Thinking for Leading Excellence in Maritime Education and Training

by | Apr 16, 2022 | SAJMET, SAJMET V1

Forward Thinking for Leading Excellence in Maritime Education and Training

Author Momoko Kitada

ISSN: 2790-783X
Affiliations: World Maritime University
Source: South African Journal of Maritime Education and Training, Volume 1 Issue 1, p. 71-78
https://doi.org/10.47348/SAJMET/2022/i1a8

Abstract

In the wake of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), maritime labour and skills  needed for the future maritime industry are in question. The role of maritime  education and training (MET) has become even more important to equip young  people with necessary skills and support the growth of maritime industries. Based on  a review of the literature on the impact of 4IR on maritime jobs, this paper proposes  a human-centred approach to design the future maritime industry with various  stakeholders. While appreciating scenario-based planning to prepare for the future,  the paper discusses how South African readiness to technology would potentially  provide an opportunity for forward thinking for leading excellence in maritime  education and training. 

The History of the Creation of the Customary Law of Marriage and Divorce in the Natal Colony, Zululand and Kwazulu from 1869 to 1985

by | Apr 15, 2022 | FUND, FUND V27I2

The History of the Creation of the Customary Law of Marriage and Divorce in the Natal Colony, Zululand and Kwazulu from 1869 to 1985

Author Mothokoa Mamashela

ISSN: 2411-7870
Affiliations: Research fellow, UKZN
Source: Fundamina, Volume 27 Issue 2, p. 1-38
https://doi.org/10.47348/FUND/v27/i2a1

Abstract

This contribution discusses the creation of an official, colonial version  of the customary law of marriage and divorce in the Natal colony and  Zululand by the colonial administration. Traditional African institutions,  hereditary traditional leaders and their courts were replaced with  magistrates and British officials at public and administrative levels.  Customary law was codified, thus robbing it of its diversity, flexibility  and dynamism.  In traditional customary law a marriage was constituted in several  ways: arranged, forced, woman to woman, sororate and levirate  marriages occurred. However, the Natal colonial administration prohibited  these types of marriages, viewing them as repugnant to the  administration’s sense of morality and justice. A customary marriage  was also family-centred and processual; it united two families and not  only two individuals, and it took a long time to come into existence.  This characteristic of a customary marriage was also drastically  changed by the Natal colonial administration by removing it from the  purview/control of the family to the individuals themselves in that the  bride and groom were encouraged to choose their partners and to give  their consent freely to their own marriage. Marriage and divorce were  individualised and the couple’s families were gradually left out.  The principle regarding irretrievable breakdown of a marriage was  replaced with the guilt principle. In addition, five common-law grounds  for divorce were introduced into the customary law of divorce, and the  inquisitorial procedure was replaced with the adversarial one.  Patriarchy, one of the tenets of customary law, was diminished  through legislation that whittled down the excessive powers that fathers  had over their children. The legislation sought to endow women and  children with basic human rights and the gradual recognition of their  property rights. Colonial administrative changes meant that polygyny  and ilobolo were discouraged; that marrying more than one wife was  seen as enslavement of women; and that the transfer of ilobolo was  misinterpreted as the selling of women. 

Mandatory Bail in Uganda: Understanding Article 23(6) of the Constitution in the Light of its Drafting History

by | Apr 15, 2022 | FUND, FUND V27I2

Mandatory Bail in Uganda: Understanding Article 23(6) of the Constitution in the Light of its Drafting History

Author Jamil Ddamulira Mujuzi

ISSN: 2411-7870
Affiliations: Professor, Faculty of Law, University of the Western Cape
Source: Fundamina, Volume 27 Issue 2, p. 38-66
https://doi.org/10.47348/FUND/v27/i2a2

Abstract

Article 23(6)(a) of the Ugandan Constitution of 1995 provides that an arrested person is entitled to apply to court for discretionary bail. If a person has been awaiting trial for a specified number of days, article 23(b) and (c) obligates a court to release him/her on mandatory bail. This contribution analyses more than one hundred judgments of the Ugandan courts to determine how the question of bail, especially mandatory bail, has been dealt with judicially. Since article 23(6) does not expressly provide for the right to bail, the Ugandan Constitutional Court has come to conflicting conclusions on the question of whether article 23(6) provides for the right to be released on bail; for the right to apply for bail; or for both the right to apply for bail and to be released on bail. Relying on the drafting history of article 23(6), the author argues that the intention of the Constituent Assembly was to provide for the right of arrested persons to be released on bail. Article 23(6) also provides for mandatory bail. However, in some decisions, the High Court held that the right to mandatory bail does not fall away the moment at which a person who qualifies for it in terms of article 23(6) is committed to the High Court for trial. Based on the drafting history and literal interpretation of article 23(6), it is submitted that the moment an accused’s trial commences in a subordinate court or when they are committed to the High Court, their right to mandatory bail falls away. In addition, the High Court has held that a person who qualifies for mandatory bail is required to prove exceptional circumstances before they can be released on bail. This contribution argues that no such burden of proof exists.

The Pirate as Hostis Humani Generis: the Illegitimate Enemy

by | Apr 15, 2022 | FUND, FUND V27I2

The Pirate as Hostis Humani Generis: the Illegitimate Enemy

Author Vishal Surbun

ISSN: 2411-7870
Affiliations: LLB LLM (Maritime Law) PhD (University of KwaZulu-Natal). Senior lecturer, School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal. Attorney and Notary Public of the High Court of South Africa
Source: Fundamina, Volume 27 Issue 2, p. 67-86
https://doi.org/10.47348/FUND/v27/i2a3

Abstract

Alongside the widely accepted definition of maritime piracy, the phrase hostis humani generis or “enemies of all humankind” has been frequently used in piracy jurisprudence and scholarship. This contribution traverses the historical usage of the phrase in academic commentaries and finds that while a literal translation of the phrase has mostly remained the same over the centuries, there has been no consistent definition and contextualisation of the term “enemy”. In this context, the contribution then investigates whether the phrase is a reliable epithet, and whether it should be seen as part of the definition of “pirate”.