Regspraak: “A veritable cesspool of lawlessness”: upholding impartiality and decorum in South African judgments

Regspraak: “A veritable cesspool of lawlessness”: upholding impartiality and decorum in South African judgments

Author: Marno Swart

ISSN: 1996-2207
Affiliations: University of Cambridge
Source: Tydskrif vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Reg, Issue 2, 2024, p. 386-396
https://doi.org/10.47348/TSAR/2024/i2a13

Abstract

Die onpartydige beslegting van geskille deur die regbank is ’n grondliggende kenmerk van ’n legitieme en beskaafde regsisteem. Hierdie beginsel is onheuglik tot die Suid-Afrikaanse reg en ontspruit uit die Romeins-Hollandse stelreël nemo iudex in sua causa potest (niemand is geskik om as ’n regter in hul eie saak op te tree nie). Sedert 1996 word regterlike onpartydigheid deur die grondwet onderskryf wat, tesame met die gemenereg en ’n ryk regspraak, regterlike onpartydigheid reël.
Dit is oor die algemeen onbetwis dat misdadigheid en korrupsie deesdae in Suid-Afrika gedy. Voorsittende beamptes word, uit hoofde van hul amp, waarskynlik nog meer blootgestel aan dié realiteit as die deursnee-Suid-Afrikaner. Hierdie blyk duidelik vanuit ’n onlangse uitspraak in die Gauteng afdeling van die hooggeregshof te Pretoria, waar hierdie ongelukkige toedrag van sake gekritiseer word in ’n meestal obiter dicta relaas, wat nouliks verband hou met die aangeleentheid onder besleg.
Dié aantekening neem die uitspraak in die Mogoai-saak krities in oënskou en voer aan dat die opperheerskappy van die reg as kernbeginsel – asook die onafhanklike funksionering van die Suid-Afrikaanse howe as deel van die trias politica – vereis dat hofuitsprake onpartydig, behoorlik deurdag en gepas moet wees tot die dekorum van (formele) regsverrigtinge. Ten eerste analiseer die aantekening die uitspraak van waarnemende regter Ngalwana om vas te stel wat die regsvraag is waaroor besleg moes word, asook om uit te lig waar die grense van ’n behoorlike, onpartydige uitspraak oortree word. Daarna kontekstualiseer die aantekening die normatiewe regsbeginsels binne die regsprofessie ten einde hofuitsprake te kategoriseer as ’n besondere genre van (formele) skryfwerk. Laastens, word die uitspraak in die Mogoai-saak gejukstaponeer teen die uitgelegde normatiewe bepalings en word aan die hand gedoen dat voorsittende beamptes selfbeheersing aan die dag moet lê en berekend moet wees by die skryf van hofuitsprake (en hofverrigtinge oor die algemeen). Dit verseker dat die integriteit en waardigheid van die regbank bewaar, en die opperheerskappy van die reg gehandhaaf word.
Hierdie aantekening bespreek uitsluitlik die wyse waarop die hof sy uitspraak uitdruk in die Mogoai-saak. Die meriete van die onderskeie partye se sake, en die beslissing aan die hand daarvan, word nie bespreek nie. Hierdie aantekening voer aan dat die waarnemende regter die grense van sy amp oortree en as’t ware ’n partydige toespraak (eerder as ’n uitspraak) gelewer het. Die gevolg van die irrelevant-polemiese uitspraak is ’n verwarrende en swak beredeneerde ratio wat nie in belang van geregtigheid is nie.

An examination of the barriers to gender-responsive public procurement in South Africa

An examination of the barriers to gender-responsive public procurement in South Africa

Author: S Williams

ISSN: 1996-2193
Affiliations:LLB (Lagos) LLM (L.S.E) PhD (Nottingham), Professor, Department of Public Law, University of Stellenbosch
Source: Stellenbosch Law Review, Volume 34 Issue 3, 2023, p. 361 – 386
https://doi.org/10.47348/SLR/2023/i3a1

Abstract

Women-owned businesses (“WOBs”) obtain less than 6% of public procurement contracts, despite accounting for close to 30% of registered businesses in South Africa. This contribution examines the reasons for the limited participation of WOBs in the public procurement system and finds that there are policy, legal, institutional and cultural barriers to the participation of WOBs in public procurement in South Africa. Policy barriers arise out of the misalignment between economic, gender and procurement policies and legal barriers arise from the previous limited and currently uncertain approach to preferential procurement legislation. However, the contribution finds that institutional, cultural and structural barriers pose even more of a risk to women’s participation in public procurement in South Africa. These institutional barriers include a reticence to prioritise WOBs by public agencies in the absence of an explicit mandate to do so, the reluctance to favour new market entrants to avoid contract failures and a culturally biased approach to WOBs by public agencies. Other barriers include the gendered impact of procurement corruption; the gendered impact of Covid-19, which terminated public contracts in sectors serviced by WOBs; and the complexity and opacity of the procurement process. The contribution finds that the historical lack of attention to women’s participation in procurement, and the lack of disaggregated data on preferential and gendered contracts, have made it difficult to understand the extent of women’s participation and the nature of required legal and policy interventions. This contribution assesses the barriers to the participation of WOBs in public procurement and makes recommendations aimed at addressing some of these barriers.

The leading causes behind medico-legal claims and the use of mediation as a possible solution

The leading causes behind medico-legal claims and the use of mediation as a possible solution

Authors: Larisse Prinsen and Errol Cedric Muller

ISSN: 1996-2193
Affiliations: LLB LLM LLD, Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Law, University of the Free State; B Iuris LLB LLM PhD, Lecturer, Department of Public Law, University of the Free State
Source: Stellenbosch Law Review, Volume 34 Issue 3, 2023, p. 387 – 405
https://doi.org/10.47348/SLR/2023/i3a2

Abstract

Medico-legal claims in the South African health sector have noticeably increased since approximately 2007. This is significant as money spent from the public health budget on these claims is money which ought to have been spent on other healthcare priorities. As such, it becomes vital to understand why these claims have shown such drastic increases and what could be done to stem the rising tide.
This article addresses two main themes: first, it explains the various causes for increased claims related to the medical field and broader possible solutions to this problem; secondly, mediation is proffered as a viable means of negating the negative impact of these claims on the health sector and budget.
The conventional method of resolving medico-legal disputes is through adversarial court litigation. Litigation is expensive, time-consuming, complex and emotionally taxing, and the eventual outcome often fails to satisfy the needs of the litigants. Conventional civil dispute resolution exhibits little appreciation for, or consideration of, alternative and better-suited dispute resolution techniques and mechanisms. In this article we argue that mediation offers a viable alternative to resolve medico-legal issues. In essence, mediation is third-party (mediator) facilitated dispute resolution through negotiation. The process is less expensive, less time-consuming, uncomplicated, and party-oriented. In addition, it has the potential to enhance access to justice. However, to achieve this will require a change in legal culture.

Automatic review of magistrates’ courts judgments: A noble invention at the risk of impotence?

Automatic review of magistrates’ courts judgments: A noble invention at the risk of impotence?

Authors: Clement Marumoagae and Boyane Tshehla

ISSN: 1996-2193
Affiliations: LLB LLM PhD AIPSA Diploma in Insolvency Law, Professor, School of Law, University of the Witwatersrand; B Proc LLM, Senior Lecturer, School of Law, University of the Witwatersrand
Source: Stellenbosch Law Review, Volume 34 Issue 3, 2023, p. 406 – 428
https://doi.org/10.47348/SLR/2023/i3a3

Abstract

The Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 provides for the automatic review of certain cases decided in the magistrates’ courts. This is a mechanism aimed at ensuring that justice is properly administered by subjecting decisions of some magistrates, mainly determined on the basis of their experience and the length of the sentence imposed, to review by judges of the High Court. This system, however, has been systematically hamstrung, primarily due to the inordinate delays that take place between the imposition of the sentence and the delivery of the review judgment. In some cases, by the time the review judgment is delivered, the accused has already completed the sentence.
The discussion in this article focuses on the automatic review process. It starts by contextualising the automatic review system; then deals with its practical application through the lens of a few selected cases; and — in conclusion — makes some recommendations aimed at strengthening the system. The recommendations are interrelated. The main one is that the period of a week for the record to be submitted for review is unrealistic — as is evident from the cases discussed — and should therefore be increased. Conscious that this may delay the process to the disadvantage of the accused, it is also recommended that those accused whose cases are subjected to the automatic review process should be granted bail as a default position. The last recommendation may seem cosmetic, but it is important. Communication between the magistrates’ courts and the High Court seems to be at the centre of the problem and, for this reason, the use of technology is recommended.