Abstract

The imperative to transition to lower-carbon pathways under the Paris Agreement has necessitated the demand for mineral resources that aid in the development of these technologies. Zimbabwe is a key location for one such mineral, lithium, which is a component in the development of battery storage technologies, aiding the transition to low-carbon pathways in transport and renewable energy. This contribution argues that the extraction of these so-called “transition minerals” has repercussions for children’s right to a healthy environment. Therefore, while the extraction of these minerals is largely economically sound, it is also accompanied by severe development-induced environmental degradation, which adversely affects children’s lives. Additionally, the depletion of natural resources exacerbates food insecurity and poverty in Zimbabwe, disproportionately impacting vulnerable children and indigenous communities. Against this background, this contribution examines the environmental impacts of the extraction of transition minerals with an emphasis on pollution. It examines the role of children as rightsholders and agents of change in advocating for environmental rights. The findings of this analysis underscore the intricate relationship between mineral extraction, environmental degradation and children’s rights. Furthermore, the conclusion emphasises the role of robust legal and policy frameworks in curbing child rights violations due to mineral extraction activities.